The Hotel de Bourgogne Free Essays

The Hà ´tel de Bourgogne was the first permanent and only theatre that existed in Paris for multiple years, and it included relatively uncommon characteristics. It was built following a narrow rectangular shape that was 102 feet long and approximately 43 feet deep, consisting of an open space on the ground floor called the pit in which the audience would stand and three levels of galleries running round three of its four walls. The galleries that where perpendicular to the stage where partially divided into boxes, which were named loges. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hotel de Bourgogne or any similar topic only for you Order Now This where the theatre’s most expensive seats. The galleries that where parallel to the stage were built undivided. The higher ones where called the paradis, as a result of them being near the roof, or â€Å"heaven†. These seats were the most expensive ones in the theatre (excluding the pit that was free). Overall, the Hà ´tel de Bourgogne could hold up to approximately 1,600 audience members. It was not uncommon that audience members paid to sit on the lodges to be seen, more than to see the plays, since this was also the system used English private theatres. The stage rose approximately six feet from the ground, without an authentic proscenium arch, though the lodges implemented a sort of frame that was 25 feet wide and approximately 17 to 35 feet deep. In the late sixteenth and the early seventeenth centuries, the stage’s scenery varied from play to play, but usually, the style of design was a miscellaneous mix of renaissance and medieval styles, called simultaneous settings. A few scholars use this name to classify any medieval stage set-up, but at the Hà ´tel de Bourgogne, concurrent settings were considerably different. During the Italian Renaissance, the set was decorated in a manner in which a series of wings (called periaktoi) led the view upstage to a central vanishing point, partially on a perspective manner, resulting in an illusion of depth. At the Hà ´tel de Bourgogne however, there were no different fragments painted on the wings of one single setting, as it was the case in Renaissance decor. Instead, there was a mansion-like mural symbolizing a different location was on each wing. For example, if an actor or actress walked towards the front of one of these wings, on which was painted a mansion, the audience recognized that he or she was in front of the mansion; if he or she walked towards another wing that had a mural of a valley, the audience recognized that he or she was in a valley. Laurent Mahelot was a French scenographer who created multiple simultaneous sets in the early 17th century. Finally, the Hà ´tel de Bourgogne’s auditorium as well as the stage where lit using candle and oil lamps, following the Italian Renaissance’s lighting methods. The Hà ´tel de Bourgogne was the only perpetual theatre in Paris. However, companies could perform on other locations as long as they paid the Confrà ©rie de la Passion its fee. There were various locations, with similar architecture to the Hà ´tel de Bourgogne’s, and very available because a particular sport called jeu de paume had lost some of its popularity. This sport was a type of tennis, and the courts where the game was played were long and narrow rectangles that included galleries along the main hall. The theatre companies would construct a platform at one end of the court, transforming it into into a theatre. The French were on the right path to creating the proscenium arch theatre, significantly this can be seen in the auditorium’s characteristics, and it was noticeable in France prior than when identical structures were accessible to the public in either Italy or England. It was in 1634 when an adversary to the Hà ´tel de Bourgogne was constructed, called the Thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre du Marais. Its architecture was inspired on a tennis court, but it was then replaced in 1644 (when it first burned down) by a more elaborate building that could hold the complicated theatre machinery that had been growing progressively popular in France. This freshly built Thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre du Marais had a height of 52 feet and was 115 feet long, 38 feet wide. Its auditorium included three levels of galleries running round its walls. The first two galleries where separated into boxes and the top paradis was built as an open stadium seating. The rear wall also incorporated two levels of boxes and stadium-style seating at the top. The stage rose 6 feet from the ground, and it included a proscenium opening of 25 feet. It also contained was a second level acting space. This new Thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre du Marais could hold up to approximately 1500 audience members. Feeling threatened by the new Marais’ architecture, the Hà ´tel de Bourgogne was renovated in 1647 following the same fashion as the Marais. In the middle of the 1630s, there where little attempts of spectacles in either the Hà ´tel de Bourgogne or the Marais. The academy had urged play-writers to honor the solidarity of one singular place, which restricted plays to have only one set (with no variations). Whereas in the past, concurrent settings where used at the Hà ´tel de Bourgogne, after 1636 both theatres started to include relatively neutral settings. For comical plays, the set was a room with four doors and for tragical play, the set was a location in front of a palace. Theatres that provided plays to the court were more problematic in their use of spectacle. Courtly audiences where familiar with the Italian-style scene transformations as early as the 1620s in momentary locations, but it became more conspicuous in the 1640s. It was in 1641 when Cardinal Richelieu ordered a theatre to be built in his home, which he named the Palais Cardinal. In this theatre, a ballet performed for the court and it included nine different settings that changed a vista. When Richelieu died in 1642, both his newly built theatre and his home were taken over by the crown, the two being renamed as Palais Royal. Richelieu’s successor was Cardinal Mazarini, who changed his name into a more French version: Cardinal Mazarin. During King Louis XIV’s childhood, he was responsible for the prosperity of the country, the same way Richelieu had done with Louis XIII. Mazarin adored Italian opera, and didn’t hesitate to introduce that style to Paris. In order to accomplish the appropriate spectacular settings for these operas, Mazarin brought to Paris Giacomo Torelli, a very famous and talented scenic designer in Italy. In 1645, Torelli created an innovative stage scenery with set transformations and special effects accomplished by the use of theatre machines. He did it in the palace next to the Louvre, called the Petit Bourbon, where numerous court functions had been staged in the late 1500s. He integrated his own version of the chariot and pole system of scene transformations to amaze the courtly audiences. The Petit Bourbon’s most famous asset was the Great Salle. With 49 feet wide and 115 feet long and an apse that added additional 44 feet at one end, the hall’s dimensions were considered substantial by Parisian standards. The apse was decorated with fleur-de-lis during the Estates General of 1614 because it was the place where both the king and his courtiers sat. In this hall, the court was used to produce celebrations and ballets, where the princes and Louis XIV., when young, used to dance. The following year he incorporated identical changes to the theatre at the Palais Royal. This resulted in Paris promoting two public theatres and two court locations that produced sensational ballets in which courtiers danced by 1646. Operas, along with â€Å"machine† plays that gave its sets (most of the time designed by Torelli) a protagonist role, impressed audiences not only with the use of chariot and pole changes but also by introducing appearances of the king on stage. The king frequently made grand entrances and also danced in the 1650s. Even though Torelli acquired extraordinary fame, at the same time he gained powerful enemies. In response to Torelli’s newly obtained enemies, Cardinal Mazarin imported a rival Italian designer, Gaspare Vigarani, to develop an appropriate spectacle for the wedding of Louis XIV. Torelli’s Salle du Petit Bourbon was demolished, and in the Tuileries palace, Vigarani built a new theatre called the Salle des Machines, which became the biggest theatre in Europe. This enormous space was 252 feet long and 52 feet wide, including both a backstage area of 140 feet deep (space needed for Vigarani’s machines) and a proscenium opening of 32 feet. Architects Louis Le Vau, Franà §ois d’Orbay , and Charles Errard decorated and designed the Salle des Machines’s auditorium. It was sheltered in a pavilion placed at the north end of the palace, originally designed and constructed by architect Philibert de l’Orme for Catherine de Mà ©dicis. The auditorium could hold up to approximately 8,000 audience members. The unconventionally profound stage was placed in a gallery located between a new, more northern pavilion and the auditorium. Nevertheless, the Salle des Machines was completed in time for Louis’ wedding, its first production only premiered until 1662, when Vigarani bestowed the king with his delayed birthday present, an opera called Hercules in Love. This was a spectacle that included multiple ballets, but it was mainly about the theatre’s complex technology and machines. In the 18th century, there was transformation in the functional side of theatre as well as in its acting, architecture, design, and staging. French theatres in the 18th century appeared to be identical to eighteenth century English theatres. A clear similarity was their use of the pit, box and gallery system for their audiences. Another similarity that can be found is that both English and French theatres had cut back their forestage, concentrating all of the action within the scenic stage. Pushing back the forestage created more space for audience seating, resulting in a great improvement since more room was needed. In the eighteenth century, both English and French theatre auditoriums extremely increased in size. French theatres also had their audience members removed from their conceited onstage seats. Until 1782, French theatres preserved its parterre smooth. It was after that year that they started incorporating benches for audience members to sit. However, it appeared that a seated parterre was less active than a standing parterre, and forces had their hands full trying to silence the audience participation and noise from the standees in the pit. This resulted in the introduction of guards in the parterre that would demand order and keep the audience tranquil and silenced. The shape of the French theatres’ auditoriums also changed in the turn of the century. They transformed into curved ‘horeshoe† shaped spaces and stopped building rectangular boxed atriums. This method of construction increased the amount of available seats, as well as it aided. Behind the proscenium arch, French theatres were narrow, almost effortless spaces. The aged Hà ´tel de Bourgogne had been utilizing the same scenic techniques for almost a century. Neoclassical plays required one set singularly, as they were obligated by the solidarity of one singular place. However, as the century progressed there was a movement that was inclined to more complex settings and transformations of scene, significantly for plays written on alluring and distinct locales. In conclusion, the architecture and stage design for French theatres has changed over the course of two centuries. It was influenced by outside Italian forces that introduced new machinery that thrilled Parisian people in the 17th century, with its stage transformations and its classicist construction. In the 18th century, France started to adopt a more English style of architecture and scenery, making more space in the auditorium. So what is French theatrical architecture? It’s a combination new technologies invented by masterminds to thrill and amaze audience members, technologies that where brought to France by people outside the nation. It’s a multicultural style that was placed in the country’s capital, making Paris the greatest city we know today. How to cite The Hotel de Bourgogne, Papers

Japan Analysis Essay Example For Students

Japan Analysis Essay The occupation of Japan was, from start to finish, an American operation. General Douglans MacArthur, sole supreme commander of the Allied Power was in charge. The Americans had insufficient men to make a military government of Japan possible; so t hey decided to act through the existing Japanese gobernment. General Mac Arthur became, except in name, dictator of Japan. He imposed his will on Japan. Demilitarization was speedily carried out, demobilization of the former imperial forces was complet ed by early 1946. Japan was extensively fire bomded during the second world war. The stench of sewer gas, rotting garbage, and the acrid smell of ashes and scorched debris pervaded the air. The Japanese people had to live in the damp, and col d of the concrete buildings, because they were the only ones left. Little remained of the vulnerable wooden frame, tile roof dwelling lived in by most Japanese. When the first signs of winter set in, the occupation forces immediately took over all the s team-heated buildings. The Japanese were out in the cold in the first post war winter fuel was very hard to find, a family was considered lucky if they had a small barely glowing charcoal brazier to huddle around. That next summer in random spots new ho uses were built, each house was standardized at 216 square feet, and required 2400 board feet of material in order to be built. A master plan for a modernistic city had been drafted, but it was cast aside because of the lack of time before the next winte r. The tho usands of people who lived in railroad stations and public parks needed housing. All the Japanese heard was democracy from the Americans. All they cared about was food. General MacAruther asked the government to send food, when they refus ed he sent another telegram that said, Send me food, or send me bullets.American troops were forbidden to eat local food, as to keep from cutting from cutting into the sparse local supply. No food was was brought in expressly for the Japanese durning the first six months after the American presence there. Herbert Hoover, serving as chairman of a special presidential advisory committee, recommended minimum imports to Japan of 870,000 tons of food to be distributed in different urban areas. Fi sh, the source of so much of the protein in the Japanese diet, were no longer available in adequate quantities because the fishing fleet, particularly the large vessels, had been badly decimated by the war and because the U.S.S.R. closed off the fishing g rounds in the north. The most important aspect of the democratization policy was the adoption of a new constitution and its supporting legislation. When the Japanese government proved too confused or too reluctant to come up with a constitutional reform that satisfied MacArthur, he had his own staff draft a new constitution in February 1946. This, with only minor changes, was then adopted by the Japanese government in the form of an imperial amendment to the 1889 constitution and went into effect on May 3, 1947. The new Constitution was a perfection of the British parliamentary form of government that the Japanese had been moving toward in the 1920s. Supreme political power was assigned to the Diet. Cabinets were made responsible to the Diet by having the prime minister elected by the lower house. The House of Peers was replaced by an elected House of Councillors. The judicial system was made as independent of executive interference as possible, and a newly created supreme court was given the power to re view the constitutionality of laws. Local governments were given greatly increased powers. The Most Dangerous Game EssayThe initial period of the occupation from 1945 to 1948 was marked by reform, the second phase was one of stabilization. Greater attention was given to improvement of the economy. Japan was a heavy expense to the United States. The ordered breakup of the Zaibatsu was slowed down. The union movement continued to grow, to the ult imate benefit of the worker. Unremitting pressure on employers brought swelling wages, which meant the steady expansion of Japan domestic consumer market. This market was a major reason for Japans subsequent economic boom. Another boom to the economy was the Korean War which proved to be a blessing in disguise. Japan became the main staging area for military action in Korea and went on a war boom economy with out having to fight in or pay for a war. The treaty of peace with Japan was signed at San Francisco in September 1951 by Japan, the United States, and forty-seven other nations. The Soviet Union refused to sign it. The treaty went into effect in April 1952, officially terminating the United States military occupation and restoring full independence. What is extraordinary in the Occupation and its aftermath was the insignificance of the unpleasant. For the Japanese, the nobility of American ideals and the essential benignity of the American presence assuaged much of the bitterness and anguish of defeat. For the Americans, the joys of promoting peace and democracy triumphed over the attendant fustrations and grievances. Consequently, the Occupation served to lay down a substantial capital of good will on which both America and Jap an would draw in the years ahead. BIBLIOGRAPHYChristopher, Robert C. /The Japanese Mind/. New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1983La Cerda, John. /The Conqueror Comes to Tea/. New Brunswick: R utgers University Press, 1946Manchester, William. /American Caesar/. New York: Dell Publishing Company, Inc., 1978Perry, John Curtis. /Beneath the Eagles Wings/. New York: Dodd, Mead And Company, 1980Reischauer, Edwin O. / The Japanese/. London: Belknap Press, 1977Seth, Ronald. /Milestones in Japanese History/. Philadelphia: Chilton Book Company, 1969Sheldon, Walt. /The Honorable Conquerors/. New York: The Macmillan Company., 1965

Strategic Communication Implemented By SPH-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss how SPH maintained public goodwill, or failed to maintain public goodwill, with its key stakeholders throughout this crisis. Answer: The essay concentrates on the strategic communication that should have implemented by SPH. The essay initially studies the existing strategic communication plan of the company and analyses the gap in it. Communication is extremely important in any organization. The management of every organization should formulate an effective strategic plan with the stakeholders, with the shareholders and also with the employees. A gap in the communication can ruin the goodwill of the company and it might lose the confidence of the stakeholders and they might have a worst effect on the management. The essay includes an effective strategic plan in order to deal the crisis that has been found in the company. It further analyses the necessity of having a strategic plan in the organization. The essay concludes with some recommendations regarding the formulation of few strategies that will help the company in protect the reputation through any crisis that might occur. In the given situation SPH (Singapore Press Holdings), failed to maintain a public goodwill with the key stakeholders. The company faced a crisis where it planned to cut down employees and it faced serious lapse in doing so. The process locked some 20 employees out of their computers and they were not informed about their cutback. This was because of poor communication. The company did not formulate proper communication plan and this resulted in the loss of many employees and their trust on the company. This acted as a negative aspect in maintaining the goodwill of the company. The company should have formulated certain communication plan as it is important to communicate with the stakeholders (Fearn-Banks, 2016). There are various reasons of the importance of the strategic plans in an organization. The first and foremost reason for having a communication plan is to inform the stakeholders about the factors and the conditions of the company. The management must have appropriate knowledge and skill to communicate with the stakeholders. Apart from this communications are important as the stakeholders have all the rights to know about the financial records of the company, about the health policies of the employees. The stakeholders should be aware of the human resource policies that are there in the company and along with it they should be aware of the product development of the company (Cummings Worley, 2014). The sales and marketing position of the company should be known to the stakeholders. They should be aware of the external as well as the internal factors that prevail in the company. The communicators should communicate the external factors like the economic trends and the business operat ions in the market. They should also be aware of the internal factors like the policies related to the safety of the employees (Parveen, Jaafar Ainin, 2015). This also includes the forms of leadership followed by the company. This sometimes includes the transformational or autocratic or democratic and similar forms. The major reason of a proper communication tool is to make the stakeholders aware of their targets. It helps to build a mutual understanding between the company and the stakeholders. For example, many organizations have the system of incentive in their company. Sometimes this is not revealed to the stakeholders. In this scenario the communication between the stakeholders and the organizations turns out to be poor. There is another scenario where sometimes the company takes an important decision like cost cutting of the employees without consulting it with the stakeholders. In such case there is a gap in the communication tool used by the organization. To have a good rel ation with the stakeholders and the employees who are the pillars of any organization it is extremely necessary to have a good communication plan (Coombs, 2015). The present communication plan of the company includes certain gaps. The company does not follow the media relations, the employee relations, the consumer relations, and the relationship with the social media, the government relations, the community relations and the relation with the investors (Child, 2015). The company has no proper safety policies of the employees. This is the reason the company has failed to gain trust of the employees. The company had to the face the lapse in the mentioned scenario. SPH failed to ensure proper safety to its employees and there was no induction training for it. The biggest crisis was that it failed to formulate effective tool to increase the sales and marketing and to strengthen the band position of the company. Ng Yat Chung, however apologized for the lapse that occurred. The employees were locked prematurely and this proved the fact that the company is not considered about the health and safety of the employees. The company made no efforts to c ommunicate with the media and other social media. The company did not make any efforts to protect the corporate reputation (Chaudhri, 2016). The company should have developed a proper strategic communication plan in order to avoid the crisis that has been observed in this situation. The first and foremost tool that should have been there in the company is the social intranet software (Bryson, 2018). The company should use the technology that has made huge advancement. This would reduce the overburdening of the paper work; this would eradicate the lack of a clear appraisal policy. This further would develop the poorly laid out channels of communication. The channels of communication would be developed through this. The next communication tool includes the ezTalks Meetings (Benn, Dunphy Griffiths, 2014). This would enable the management to have a face to face meeting with the employees. In this case the company should have used the source of media in order to convey the customers about their policies. The other effective communication plan is the discussion forums (Wheelen et al., 2017). This is the most effective plan tha t the company should have employed in this case. Before planning for the sudden revenue cut of the employees the company should have sat with the employees and they should have communicated it to the stakeholders and the employees. The quarries of the employees should have been responded by the management. Discussion forum is an effective communication strategy (Austin Pinkleton, 2015). The company must be aware of their corporate social responsibility and their responsibility towards the environment. In order to restore the trust of the shareholders and the stakeholders the company should have communicated it with the help of the media like the newspaper, radio, the social sites and many such similar forums. The news media would turn out to be an effective option to convey the message of the company to the people associated with the company. They should have made special efforts and should have arranged special meetings with the investors and the financial analysts. A special board meeting should have been arranged by the company. Apart from this the company should have arranged for some special training sessions to motivate the staffs and retain them. The company should have informed about the new innovations brought in the company through some media. This would strengthen the brand position of the company (Argenti, 2015). The above mentioned strategies would help the company the communication plan and restore the corporate image of the same. Therefore from the above analysis this can be mentioned that formulation of a communication plan is essential for any organization. This is essential for all the components of the company. This can be the stakeholders, the customers, the shareholders and even the employees. References Argenti, P. A. (2015).Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Austin, E. W., Pinkleton, B. E. (2015).Strategic public relations management: Planning and managing effective communication campaigns(Vol. 10). Routledge. Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Bryson, J. M. (2018).Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: A guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement. John Wiley Sons. Chaudhri, V. (2016). Corporate social responsibility and the communication imperative: Perspectives from CSR managers.International Journal of Business Communication,53(4), 419-442. Child, J. (2015).Organization: contemporary principles and practice. John Wiley Sons. Coombs, W. T. (2015). The value of communication during a crisis: Insights from strategic communication research.Business Horizons,58(2), 141-148. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Fearn-Banks, K. (2016).Crisis communications: A casebook approach. Routledge. Parveen, F., Jaafar, N. I., Ainin, S. (2015). Social media usage and organizational performance: Reflections of Malaysian social media managers.Telematics and Informatics,32(1), 67-78. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D., Hoffman, A. N., Bamford, C. E. (2017).Strategic management and business policy. pearson

Ethics and faith

Introduction Education should be a right not a privilege. Woody Allen’s film provides a perfect platform for the discussion of the immoral and ethical. In this motion picture, he seems to support the defeat of the religious as seen through the death of the most religious person in the story – Ben. In order to make a comprehensive discussion, one must incorporate the views of philosophers such as Kierkegaard ad Nietzsche.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and faith specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whether faith should play a role in what it means to live an ethical life The events in ‘Crimes and Misdemeanors’ occur at a time when the state of morality in society has declined. Some acts can be permitted by law, but are not necessarily acceptable in religious circles (Crimes and Misdemeanors). In a place where God is not that significant, then certain unthinkable actions, such as murd er, are tolerable. In this case, faith had been suspended from the lives of those involved and one would argue that the main character – Judah – had also discarded morality. Nonetheless in order to know for sure whether ethics was not relevant in Judah’s decisions, then some insights from Friedrich Nietzsche would be in order. Nietzsche believes that morality can either be understood from the point of view of the slave or a master. The master often preaches morality, especially Christianity to the masses as a means of controlling them. He believes that people who act in accordance to religious moral structures are weak and powerless. Religion causes people to continuously regret or feel guilty over their actions. However, the master views the world in a totally different light. It is devoid of any moral laws and man can, therefore, curve his own path or define his own identity. The master is some sort of superman because Nietzsche believes that religion is a man -made creation. The master must now create his own set of laws or ethics that will govern his life. In the film, one would argue that Judah was the ‘superman’. He chose to abandon the religious values that his father taught him, and instead created his own set of rules. Although it was difficult for Judah to get over the guilt that haunted him after his mistress’ death, he finally transcended it. He was able to come to his ‘true nature’ by overcoming the weakness of religion. Nietzsche would say that Judah was strong enough to get over his guilt-ridden religious structure and find peace with his actions. The philosopher would also argue that Judah created his own set of ethics and thus triumphed in the end. It is only those who stick to their true sense of will who are the most justified (Kaufmann 122).Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the flipside, ano ther philosopher –Soren Kierkegaard asserts that man must pass through three phases of life before reaching the highest consciousness. In the aesthetic phase, one is only concerned about one’s desires. Issues such as beauty, comfort and food are all that one thinks about. However, one can move from this stage to the ethical one, in which other people’s concerns become significant. Nonetheless, the individual is still the main focus in the phase. Lastly, one may opt to move onto the religious phase, where one’s commitment to God takes center stage. One’s dedication to one’s religious teachings takes precedence over all else; hence the mention of Abraham who was willing to suspend ethical believes for his faith. To Kierkegaard, faith gives purpose and meaning to the other two stages of life, so it should never be suspended for the other. In Woody Allen’s movie, Judah abandons his religious beliefs for his familial responsibilities, and thus rationalizes his actions. Kierkegaard would state that Judah retrogressed by going back to stage two. He chose not to obey God unconditionally, and thus ruined his chances of eternal happiness. This philosopher would assert that Judah never got to the highest level of consciousness (Kierkegaard 81). While Nietzsche’s views assist individuals in finding satisfaction in life; these recommendations do not necessarily mean that humans will act ethically. When God is eliminated from the world, then no right or wrong answer exists. All human beings then come up with their own ethical laws, which reflect the path that they have chosen for themselves. In a world such as this, there would be no mechanism to decide which one of the many ethical laws is more rational or appropriate over the other. This brings out the importance of faith and God in the field of ethics. Conclusion From the above reflections, it is clear that faith plays an indispensable role in ethics. Kierkegaard ar gued that one’s soul was not one’s own but the Lord’s. This is what true happiness is about. Although it may seem that Judah triumphed in the film, one still questions the ideal picture portrayed of Judah and his wife.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and faith specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even his mistress, Dolores, observed that he came to life when he was with her and seemed lifeless when he was with his wife. In fact, one should question whether Judah was really happy after eliminating Dolores. In a world devoid of religious laws, individuals are left to choose their own rules. They will rationalize their deeds irrespective of how unethical they are. Judah believed that he was doing the right thing by murdering the neurotic and indiscriminate Dolores. Human beings have a great capacity to rationalize the most extreme actions. Even Hitler thought that massacring a whole race was the greatest service he was offering to mankind. Nietzsche’s views endorse moral relativism and this leave a lot room for unethical acts. Faith and religion should be incorporated into ethics because they provide a moral compass for assessing the goodness of others’ actions. Works Cited Crimes and Misdemeanors. Ex. Prod. Woody Allen film. NY: Metro Goldwyn Meyer. 1989. DVD. Kaufmann, Walter. On the Genealogy of morals, NY: Vintage books, 1974. Print. Kierkegaard, Soren. Fear and trembling, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983. Print. This essay on Ethics and faith was written and submitted by user Juliet E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Taxonomy essays

Taxonomy essays Taxonomy is a branch of biology that pertains to the classification of organisms and their natural relationship to one another. There are seven categories: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Genus, and Species. Carlos Linnaeus designed this system. In this paper, I will describe the five different kingdoms. The first Kingdom is Eubacteria. This Kingdom was changed form Monera to Eubacteris just a few years ago. Eubacteria organisms are mainly bacteria and cyan bacteria. Bacteria are the most primitive form of life. Eubacteria have no nuclei and the D.N.A. consists only of a double helix. They do not reproduce by the process of meiosis or mitosis. The second Kingdom is Protista. Protista are more advanced than bacteria. Protists are microscopic organisms found almost anywhere that is moist. They are unicellular or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do have a nuclear membrane and reproduce by way of meiosis and mitosis. A few protests are responsible for disease such as malaria. Fungi is the third Kingdom. Fungi mainly consist of molds, yeasts, mildew, and mushrooms. Fungi cannot produce their own food. They must absorb their nutrition from other living or non-living species. They are composed of filaments called hyphae. These organisms reproduce by spores, which can be either sexually or asexually produced. The fourth Kingdom is Plantae. Plants are multicellular organisms such as regular land plants, trees, and shrubs. Plants contain celluose in their cell walls, which is what gives the plant strength. Most plants contain chlorophyll in their chloroplasts, which aids in the process of photosynthesis. Most plants are immobile. Plants are autotrophic which means they are able make their own food. The last Kingdom is Animalia. Animals include organisms such as humans, cats, dogs, and beetles. Animals are multicellular and most are able to move. All anim ...

Americas defense spending Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Americas defense spending - Essay Example the portion of the United States federal budget set aside for any expenses on behalf of the Department of Defense and defense-related expenditures in general. This includes the training, salaries, and caring for all military and civilian personnel, along with maintenance of facilities and equipment, in all branches of the United States military. This expansive definition of defense spending puts the 2009 Department of Defense figure at approximately $1 trillion (Higgs). Such an expansion in the budget for defense inevitably follows as a direct consequence of military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. These two conflicts fuel the rapidly expanding allocation of federal tax revenue into defense. The efficacy of these expenditures in bringing about meaningful or measurable benefits for the American people is subject to some debate, as well as the issue of whether to increase the already overwhelming figures related to military budgets. Convincing arguments can be made for each side, w hich makes the question of increasing defense spending difficult to resolve in simple terms. In 2009, approximately 21% of the United States federal budget, and 24% of federal tax revenues, is allocated to the Department of Defense, with an additional 10% to 17% allocated to defense spending outside of the Department of Defense. Annually, military budgets expand by approximately 9%, and have done so since 2000 (Congressional Budget Office). In this time, total Department of Defense spending adds up to 4.8% of the U.S. GDP, which is not historically high, even while the Department of Defense budget, in absolute terms, is the highest it has been in history. A roughly 1% expansion in defense spending would put that 4.8% plateau of GDP back into peak military spending seen during the climax of the Cold War immediately before the collapse of the Soviet Union. The immediate impact, or tangible result, of this expansion is unclear. Nevertheless, arguments can be made for further incremental

The Painted Veil Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Painted Veil - Literature review Example W. Somerset Maugham’s novel the Painted Veil is today recognized as a 20th century classic. The novel itself takes its title from a Percy Bysshe Shelley sonnet that states, â€Å"Lift not the painted veil which those who live / Call Life" (Maugham, ix). One considers that both the sonnet and the title hold a great degree of insight into the novel’s inter-workings. Specifically, the novel follows a variety of characters through personal challenges and foibles that are revealed after removing the metaphorical ‘painted veil’. This recognition carries with it a number of direct questions for the novel. For instance, is the work a bildungsroman -- a novel of development – or is it merely a critique of human weaknesses? This essay argues that the novel functions to demonstrate that life is the continual negotiation between moments of development and human weakness, and as such the central theme is one of adaptation and change. Analysis Throughout the nove l tremendous periods of change occurs, most notably in Kitty Fane’s life. The most notable developmental change in Kitty’s life occurs in direct relation to the specific places she lives and the people she encounters. One considers Kitty Fane’s life throughout the early stages of the novel as largely seeking a more firmly established identity or purpose. In the early stages of the novel Kitty’s weak identity is established as she faces pressure from her mother to marry. The text notes that, â€Å"Mrs. Garstin was a hard, cruel, managing, ambitious, parsimonious, and stupid woman" (Maugham, p. 19). This cruel and managing influence becomes a central area of concern in the novel as it drives much of Kitty’s decision-making. Not being able to recognize her mother’s social ambitions, Kitty rushes herself into an unhappy marriage with Walter Fane. Of course a notable shift in Kitty’s life occurs as she moves to Mei-tan-fu. Upon moving her e, Kitty states, â€Å"I feel like one of those old sailors who set sail for undiscovered seas†¦and I think my soul hankers for the unknown† (Maugham, p. 153). This is a highly significant statement within the text as it indicates that Kitty has achieved a new purpose in life. To an extent the notion of this area as contributing to Kitty’s new purpose in life is directly attributed to her becoming involved with the French nuns; these individuals work with the poor and take care of the orphans in the area. One considers that throughout a great portion of Kitty’s life her actions have been motivated out of self-interest and her mother’s irrational expectations. Her move to Mei-tan-fu then has allowed her to remove herself from her dysfunctional and ineffective adulterous affair with Charlie Townsend, as well as discover and throw herself into a life-pursuit that extends beyond her immediate self-interests. These are both things that she could not achie ve in London or in colonial Hong Kong. While Mei-tan-fu largely represents a period of awakening and stability for Kitty one recognizes that this peace is soon punctured by further moments of human weakness and strife. Despite Kitty’s new sense of purpose, her relationship with Walter is still recognized as containing considerable strife. Even Kitty’s newfound purpose and stability is not able to rectify the situation with Walter. It is not long before he gains cholera. It seems that to an extent Maugham implements Walter’s cholera as a sort of symbolic comment on the nature of their relationship as sick of dysfunctional. The text states, â€Å"I do not know what Walter has in that dark, twisted mind of his, but I’m shaking with terror. I think it may be that death will be really a release† (Maugham, p. 220). While Kitty is vague as to whose death would be a release it seems clear that the cholera in this instance functions outside of the direct re alms of a plot device and more in terms of a symbolic comment on the nature of the relationship. From the perspective of the novel as one of development it seems