Ethical And Social Responsibilities Of Apple - 1444 Words

In the corporate world, it is easy to think that the ultimate goal is to make profits. However, it is this type of thinking that can ultimately lead to the failure of an organization. When a company simply thinks of profits, it is likely to find itself in trouble with the government, with stockholders, and with the public. In today’s world, more so than ever, it is important for a company to thinking about its ethical and social responsibilities to its employees, its consumers, its shareholders, and to the general public. By focusing on ethical and social responsibilities, a company is likely to be able to gain recognition as a good employer, a good investment, and a good company to purchase products and services from. One company that†¦show more content†¦Next, the â€Å"Mass Suicide† protest at the Foxconn factory in China where workers were deeply upset by the poor working conditions (Moore, 2012). Then, in 2013 there were reports of deaths of workers at the some of the same Chinese factories from fatigue, pneumonia, and other causes (Barboza, 2013). All of these poor conditions by its suppliers and factories overseas contradict the values that are set forth by Apple in their own ethical guidelines. Early in 2012, Apple announced that it would hire an outside agency to investigate the charges of forced overtime and child labor in its Chinese suppliers and factories, including other poor work conditions. While it appears on the surface that Apple was taking swift action in regards to these charges, it is clear that the abuse has been going on for some time and regular audits performed by Apple, or even routine check-ups on its suppliers would have uncovered at least the deplorable working conditions. Apple even admits that it was lax in its auditing procedures during the times when these issues were occurring, leading inquisitive minds to believe that it the company knew what was going on but only felt the need to address it once it had become public knowledge and began to hurt Apple’s image. According to Apple’s web site reports a 51% increase in the number of audits performed since 2012, which covered facilities where 1.5 million workers labor toShow MoreRelatedApple Corporation: Ethical and Social Responsibility1944 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿RUNNING head: Apple Corporation: Ethical and Social Responsibility Apple Corporation: Ethical and Social Responsibility Romeo Gamble Strayer University Apple Inc.  is an American corporation that is located headquartered in in  Cupertino,  California that designs, develops, and sells electronics like computer software, online services, and personal computers. It’s very well known for hardware products like the  Mac computers,  iPods, iPhone andRead MoreApple s Existing Position On Ethical And Social Responsibility1353 Words   |  6 PagesApple’s existing position on Ethical and Social Accountabilities Business ethics and corporate social responsibility are at the maximum ranks for companies and consumers. Big businesses are faced day-to-day with different questions from customers and shareholders concerning a company’s ethical and social responsibility. Business ethics can consist of everything from the way the company employs or how a company can make their assertions in public relations. 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In the currentRead MoreEthical Implications Of Ethical Consumerism1552 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' 1.0 Ethical Consumerism 1.1 Definition The term Ethical consumerism, means that more customers prefer to purchase goods that are obtained ethically, made ethically and distributed ethically. According to Jacqueline Payne (2012), â€Å"An ethical consumer is someone who buys things that are produced ethically. Depending on the context, ethical production may mean producing something that is recycled, using labour that is produced in facilities without the use of slavery and child labour, or processingRead MoreBusiness Sustainability : Managing The Triple Bottom Line1124 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness sustainability is managing the triple bottom line. It’s a process that companies manage their financial, social, and environmental risks, obligations, and opportunities. There are three different types of sustainability. There is financial sustainability which is also known as economical or profit. There is environmental sustainability which is also known as planet, and then there is social sustainability which is also known as people. It is important for long-term sustainability and long-term improvementsRead MoreChallenges Of The Global Business Environment1175 Word s   |  5 PagesStephanie Dunston Strayer University BUS 475 Business and Society 16 August 2016 Changes that Apple has made to its Code of Conduct Apple Incorporation, to advance its Code of Conducts and efficient operation, has made the decision to disclose the names and locations of supplier factories. In 2014, Apple Incorporation released the supplier’s responsibility report that was describing the standard responsibilities and the Companies approved projections regarding the labor practices. Amenability is one of

Why People Arent Talking About Cry Freedom Essay Topics

Why People Aren't Talking About Cry Freedom Essay Topics You are going to be able to mock a scenario, and this also usually means using language that means that opposite of what you wish to say. It's a poetic and intriguing title with an assortment of implications. Freedom can be defined starting from various facets, according to distinct cultures, from various points of view and even from various beliefs. Save our handy-dandy shmoop writing and offer critical analysis of the significance of. Freedom is something which is viewed in a variety of ways. It is not absolute, it must be limited. It endows us with the ability to do a lot of incredible things, but at the same time, it gives the opportunity to do some things that really suck. It can mean so many different things to many different people. Journalists, on the flip side, receive lots of really intriguing information, making them more popular and stronger. Experiencing freedom isn't something everyone has. The Good, the Bad and Cry Freedom Essay Topics People have wanted their opinions to be heard by other people and provided that the course of action is peaceful and doesn't encourage violence, it's absolutely legal. If you are fighting to compose a proposal which you are proud of, this is where Edubirdie can provide help. Describe the way the parents and kids relate to one another and what forces in political life make these relationships especially tough. While not everybody has enjoyed these very same freedoms to the identical extent throughout the plan of our national history, they've made fantastic gains that has fostered greater equality for all. The Cry Freedom Essay Topics Pitfall On occasion, death wasn't an alternative for those who were held prisoner for governmental info. Freedom is a rather wide co ncept that may have a different meaning in every situation. Inside my research, someone said that freedom of expression won't ever lead to hostility among people should they respect one another's ideas. The makers of this film achieved this endeavor, with just a little help from Denzel Washington, obviously. In summary, the movie cry for freedom is an outstanding movie. The physician cannot do anything against the authorities and thus they put Biko on a blanket at the ground in the rear of a Land Rover. A good example of this is when the small boy sounds the alarm to warn the folks of the township of the authorities. New Questions About Cry Freedom Essay Topics To start with it's important to ensure that the topic you picked up has the capacity to take your suggestions and opinions forward. Search through lots of topics and gather as much material as possible and then zero down on a single topic. It is very important to realize that you can merely pick a single topic and b egin working on it. As soon as you understand what your topic is you must determine how you wish to take it forward. 1 important part of the idea of freedom has to do with what the states of freedom really are. Following that, you arrive at the conclusion you might not have freedom whatsoever, in the event the freedom is a measure of the length of a leash. As you become older and learn how to drive you're provided a completely new sort of freedom. Only freedom free of guidance will cause an undesirable actions and lead to destruction in the society. On the 1 hand you are inclined to dislike him because of the simple fact he is not against apartheid, but he's however not pleased about it either. Today, folks take for granted what our ancestors worked so tough to provide for all of us. There's no best freedom of speech, there's still much to be desired. For others it may represent a feeling of honor, sacrifice, and memory. Facts, Fiction and Cry Freedom Essay Topics Another way to earn your essay better is to make sure you compose an outline, even supposing it isn't very extensive. While drafting an essay, it is quite important to play safe and be politically accurate. After you believe that you have your subject, you should attempt and develop your thesis so you can make sure you can develop a strong essay on such topic. Whenever you have picked up a topic of your choice, don't attempt to incorporate all of the material which you have into a single essay. Cry Freedom Essay Topics Features When you're writing a definitio n essay, you would like to concentrate on a single meaning for the word. Inside my opinion, they're not. This is hyperbole that exaggerates the simple fact that the man is extremely hungry. In essay format, describe the essence of women and gender inside this text.

Organizational Restructure free essay sample

Within the field of customer service it is just about impossible to deliver satisfactory customer service without first delivering a certain level of job satisfaction to your employees. Wall-Mart is known for having everything known to man on its shelves, but its also known as being one of the country leading employers. In recent years, the company has received media attention and backlash in areas of employee job satisfaction the way stores are being ran.This paper seeks to identify the ways in which the organizational behavior of the company can be revamped, by answering implementing the following questionsdoes managerial control and approach have a positive or negative effect on Wall-Mart employee satisfaction? How does the company manage workforce diversity are those employees treated fairly in position levels and pay rates? How does the companys organizational practices influence employee job satisfaction and what changes can be made to improve employee job satisfaction?With reliable academic sources, I seek to answer these questions and also provide insight into changes that can be made with the companys organizational structure. Introduction To attract the brightest and best employees, the workplace must be aware of and receptive to the overcharging desires of the knowledge worker.. . Jameson Jameson, 2008). Regardless of the field of expertise an organization is a part of, the time attention given to its employees is of the utmost importance.Many times, companies fail and or are known for bad service when the happiness of its employees is suffering greatly. Robbins Judge defines organizational behavior as a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations (Robbins Judge, 2014, p. 1 1). In other words, the behavior of the individuals within an organization, greatly impacts the success of that organization. This includes management styles, communication diversity amongst employees just to name a few.All companies and organizations have some form of organizational behavior and that behavior is reflected through its employees. So what exactly does organizational behavior have to do with a place like Wall- Mart? As stated in my definition above, B is made up of three different components that all fall under the umbrella of the organization. Theres the employee/individual, groups within the workplace, and the structure of the organization. When studying B, it is important to recognize that all three of hose components are necessary for fully understanding organizational behavior.In fact Griffin Morphed (201 2), point out in regards to B, that we can study the individual and his or her actions without considering the organization, but because of the fact the organization influences and most times is influenced by the individual, we cant fully understand the individuals behavior without learning something about the organization! In other words, the behaviors of the individuals within an organization usually Stem from the structure and norms of an organization. B is a field of study that ancestress specifically with situations such as jobs, employment turnover, absenteeism, productivity, and performance to name a few. So in actuality, every organization that is an organization, deals with B on some level. Wall-Mart is a billion dollar company that employs more than a million people across America. With more than 4,700 f acilities across the country, its not surprising to learn of someone you know working for the retail giant (Walter. Com). Although the company has made good effort in turning things around, in recent years Wall-Mart has been in the media numerous times for heir business practices. Being criticized for everything from discrimination, poor employee benefits, and lack of quality pay for employees. All of the criticisms allegations of huge employee disc-satisfaction points to the organizational structure of the company and its leadership. In order to successfully turn all of these negatives into positives, the company must reevaluate the way they interact with treat their employees!In most cases within a group SETI Eng, especially within the workplace, all things start with the head. For example if management implements a certain style or way of owing things, that same style will trickle down to the companys subordinates and they will follow suit. By re-evaluating the leadership managerial styles of the company, and implementing a greater representation of diversity within different positions Of the sto res, Wall-Mart will be able to turn employee satisfaction around greatly reduce the likelihood of employees feeling unappreciated, unmotivated, most importantly underpaid.Employee and Labor Relation Issues Judging from the media coverage of Walter and its employees over the last few years, many of the workers, arent happy with their employer. In recent years the company has been in the media for things such as gender racial discrimination, poor employee wages, and overall poor employee satisfaction. One of the big issues that hit newsstands concerning the company was the Dukes vs.. Walter Stores, Inc. Class action lawsuit.This was a case of one female employee, Betty Dukes, taking a stand on what she felt was unfair treatment and discrimination in regards to pay rates, promotional policies and practices within Walter stores (Wisped, 2014). Although the case was thrown out, the case opened the eyes of many across America concerning the Houghton and feelings of female workers within Walter stores across America. The case triggered a big enough reaction to cause almost 2,000 female employees of Walter to take legal action concerning their pay and lack of promotion within the company because of their gender.Another big media issue that the company had surrounding discrimination was the case of Daryl Nelson, who was denied employment with the company as a truck driver because of his race. Although these two cases were of different sectors of discrimination (race gender), they both fall under the umbrella of coordination, and painted a picture of a corporation who has an issue with respecting the diversity and differences of its employees.Another major concern of Walter employees that has also made its way into media outlets is poor pay wages. Many of the companys employees feel that they are greatly underpaid for their work and dedication to their jobs and this affects their job satisfaction all across the board. According to an article on Malabar. Org written by Scott Hotchpotch, the average hourly wage of Walter employees is under $10 an hour, putting the average Walter worker in the à ©tagà ¨re of living under the poverty level. In the past few years employees have openly shown their dissatisfaction for their wage levels by going on strike some even simply walking off of the job during high peak shopping times, to take a stand against being paid so low. All of these examples, the cases of discrimination dissatisfaction of pay rates, paint a picture of what employee engagement is really like within Walter stores. Employee engagement is defined as, an individuals involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he or she does (Robbins Judge, 2013). Even if pop leadership within Walter felt as though they were successfully engaging their employees, the level of job dissatisfaction would show that the type and level of engagement, isnt effective at all. As Hotchpotch states, The first key factor that shapes the working culture at Wall-Mart is the store manager (Hitcher, 2013). The store manager of any retail chain is the liaison between the big wigs at corporate headquarters and the front-li ne staff that are everyday employees.In order for Walter to address the issues that the everyday employees have grievances with, the store managers must take on n approach of communication that allows them to actively seek out employee opinions and suggestions for change. The thing to recognize with employee engagement is that the satisfaction level of the employee can and will affect the involvement level for the employee as well. For example if a woman working for Walter feels that no matter what she does shell never be promoted or given a raise, the amount of effort and involvement she puts into her job will more than likely suffer.So, with that in mind, Walter leadership its store managers must make an effort to not only involve their female workers more but also create n atmosphere that welcomes female workers for the future and one that shows respect and appreciation for the current female employees. I think that doing this will allow Walters job satisfaction level to go up for female employees, and higher job satisfaction always means higher customer satisfaction.Infamous, Homoeopath, Mortality, and Seed (2014) argued that satisfied employees feel more commitment to their organization and its customers, thus put forth more effort to be succes sful as an employee, and improve the quality of the organizations customer service. This concept of improving employee engagement wouldnt only work for the female workers that feel discriminated against, but also any employee that feel like the company doesnt take their needs and desires as employees into consideration.Management Styles throughout Stores As Robbins and Judges (2014) states, organizations need strong leadership and strong management for optimal effectiveness (Robbins and Judger 2014, p. 368). Walter is no different within this concept. In order for the company to be successful in business and business relationships with employees, they must exercise strong leadership and management. In an article written by Nelson Liechtenstein (2011 Walter is showcased as an organization that has an authoritarian culture of management leadership, and this is what has led to the many causes of employee dissatisfaction over the years.Liechtenstein states, The underlying issue, which the Supreme Court has now ratified, is Wall-Mares authoritarian style, by which executives pressure store- level management to squeeze more and more from millions of clerks, stockers and lower-tier managers (Liechtenstein, 2011 In other words, the style of management throughout Walter stores promotes employees at all bevels working as much and as hard as they possibly can at no matter the cost or risks!What this means to me is that, Walter has a certain set of rules and policies and those are the laws of the land-?the company leaves no room for employee input on ways to implement change and or problem solving. This is a problem because regardless of your line of work or profession-?times always change! The sort of products that Sam Walton originally sold in his stores, arent necessarily the same now today, thus the customer pool isnt the same! That also means, that the sorts of people working behind the counter arent the same either.In order to have continued success, the leadership of the organization must change and adjust with the times. But it is important to note that leadership and management are not one in the same. Robbins and Judge (2013) defines a manager as an individual who achieves goals through other people (Robbins and Judge, 201 3, p. 5) But they define a leader as someone with, the ability to influence a group toward the achievement Of a vision or set Of goals (Robbins and Judge, 201 3, p. 368). In other words, a manager or management is just an administrative title, whereas leadership is the administration. The goal of the leader/leadership is what the goal of the manger/management becomes. Although these two arent the same thing within Walter they mirror each other rather well. As Liechtenstein points out in his article, the management and leadership within Walter is based on a culture that the company created from the begin inning and has just sort of always been the foundation of who they are.The article points out how when the company started in the sass and ass that it was the culture of the company to hire men as the managers and leaders and have their wives as the clerks and store workers; sort of like a community thing (Liechtenstein, 201 1). From then until now, thats sort of the way the company has evolved, but its also what has brought them to a point of female workers feeling discriminated against.Liechtenstein argues that there are thousands of current female Walter employees who would love to take promotional roles within management at Walter, but even if those opportunities were presented, Walter makes it impossible for many of them to take that post, because its ruthless management style trustees the job itself as one that most women, and e specially those with young children or a relative to care for, would find difficult to accept (Liechtenstein, 2011 Changing the Organizational Structure am a firm believer that any change that needs to be implemented, starts with the head (leader). For example if parents want their children to embrace a healthier diet, then they themselves have to first lead by example and eat fruit as a snack instead of sugary sweet fruit snacks! Whatever the leader does should trickle down and cause change with and for those below them in rank. One thing hat Walter could do to change the management style throughout stores is recognize and embrace the need for change! Since their management style is based on remnants of the past, they must recognize that what once was, no longer exists!This means that the culture of the company needs to change! Feel that the best way to do that is for leadership to effectively communicate the vision of the company to its management so that the company can move forward as a whole on the same fresh page! As Mattock states, when leaders effectively common iGATE their vision, they gain the trust of their followers and heir followers in turn experience greater satisfaction (Mattock, 2007, p. 67). It is clear that W alter needs to improve their employee satisfaction this is one way to do it.Another thing that should be done is implementing training for leaders and managers within the stores. This can be done by offering leadership programs within the company but also by supporting employees going back to school to learn of leadership and or gaining management credentials. By training the leaders for improvement and advancement, Walter would open a door for employees of all races and genders to be exposed to the possibilities of advancing and being successful within the company. That leads me to my next suggestion for the company-?once that door is opened, it also increases the possibility of diversity throughout management within the company. Implementing diversity is probably one of the most important steps the company needs to take in increasing job satisfaction and customer satisfaction. Our Walter, a group created by a group of current and former Walter employees, to ensure that every Associate, regardless of his or her age, race or sex, is respected at Walter (Aubrey 201 3, p. ). Thats what the employees seek-?to be respected at whatever level they work for the company! So making diversity a top priority will ensure that this is done! So how can diversity be implemented throughout the company? Teamwork! Store managers should make a sound effort in implementing teams to get certain job tasks done, but the key is to make sure those teams are made up of people from different genders, backgrounds and age groups-?the diversity factor!Doing this will allow e mployees to see the importance of their own contribution to the company goal, but also the importance their co-workers introductions. We all have different skill levels and levels of knowledge, but as Grant and Klein(1 997) states, that when working together with people from different backgrounds and ethnicities, it is imperative to keep in mind that every person comes to the table with a different set of values, ideas and motivations (Grant and Klein, 1997). All of these differences are what make up the endless possibilities for success!And then finally, what I feel could be done to improve employee satisfaction as well as business practices throughout the company is-?instead of having n authoritarian culture/leadership style, the company should adopt an employee-oriented leadership style. An employee-oriented leader is one who emphasizes interpersonal relationships with their employees and take a personal interest in those employees needs (Robins and Judge, 201 3, p. 371 feel that this would be the best leadership style to utilize because it also accepts individual differences of employees, which once again, leaves room for diversity within the company.As stated earlier, leadership is about being able to influence a group toward a common goal, so with this sort of adhering style, the task at hand for management would be to know and understand their team so that they would be able to effectively utilize the knowledge and skill of their workers to accomplish the goal of the company. In Other words, in order to carry out the overall goal Of Walter as a business, the management must know and understand its employees, and that can be done with an employee-oriented leadership style.Also, having this sort of leadership style could have an impact on motivating employees to w ork harder as well as overall job satisfaction! Effects of Implementing Change In April of 2005, the united Food and Commercial Workers Union founded Wake of Walter, a campaign founded to make the world aware of the business practices of the retail giant. The organization claimed that Walter was offering its employees substandard wages and health care benefits, and has called on the retailer to improve both (wisped. Rug, retrieved May 24, 2014). The group name was later changed to Making Change at Walter since then, slowly but surely, change is exactly whats been happening. I thought that this name change was interesting in a self-fulfilling prophecy sense. What I mean by that is, if Walter were to wake up and realize the importance of communicating company goals with the employees, and implement better diversity throughout frontline and management level positions within the stores, then they would see positive change at Walter!This is just an example of how important it is for the company to not only implement change, but listen to the front line employees while doing so. If Walter were to change their culture and leadership style, their employee satisfaction would be greatly increased and that would in turn increase their customer satisfaction. This is what it all boils down to-? job satisfaction. Robbins and Judge (2013) defines job satisfaction as a positive feeling about a job, resulting from an evaluation of its cha racteristics (p. 74). When an employee has a high level of job satisfaction with their employer, they have a more positive outlook on the company as a whole. This means that the employees level of involvement within their position is greatly influenced by how satisfied they are with their job. When this is the case, employees are more likely to be more productive and proactive in getting the task at hand done every time. According to Robbins ND Judge (2013), several studies have proven that when employees are happy, they are more likely to be productive within their roles (p. 4). So in Walters case, a female employee who is highly satisfied with working at Walter and knows that there is a sure chance for advancement in her role based on her knowledge and skill and not on her gender, is more likely to go that extra mile to ensure that the customers every need is met. Thats a win- win situation for Walter-?why? Because not only are they satisfying a customer, but they are also satisfying an employee, creat ing a level of loyalty from both! ConclusionRegardless of the type Of service being Offered by an organ action, it is always important for that organization to first consider its employees before it can successfully consider its customers. Over the years Walter has grown into an entity that is known for having everything a customer could possibly need or want, but it seems as though they have failed in that aspect for their own employees. This failure on their behalf has caused many employee and labor relation issues, buying them plenty of slots in media outlets across the globe.With such a large roster of employees across the world, Walter easily found homeless having to answer questions of discrimination of both race and gender, and have had to step up to the plate in owning up to its wrong in those situations costing the company millions of dollars. So for the future, the company needs to go back to the drawing board to construct a different culture of leadership. By implementing a leadership style that focuses on its employees, Walter will be able to not only improve their employee satisfaction, but they will also increase overall customer satisfaction.Implementing an employee-oriented leadership style ill also he lp the organization foster an atmosphere of diversity by allowing management to build business relationships with employees of different ages, sex, and race groups. Once the door of diversity gets opened, the organization and the public should start to see more individuals of color and females in roles of management and within higher paying positions. At the present time, the current managerial approach that Walter has seems to have a negative effect on the companys overall employee satisfaction!Although the company employees millions of people across the world, that amen diversity isnt present within their management leadership roles again causing job satisfaction to suffer. But, as stated above, by reevaluating the leadership and managerial styles of the company, and implementing a greater representation of diversity within different positions of its stores, Walter will be able to turn employee satisfaction around greatly, and reduce the likelihood of employees feeling unappreciated, unmotivated, and most importantly underpaid.

What Caused The Great Depression Essay Example For Students

What Caused The Great Depression Essay Though most Americans are aware of the Great Depression of 1929, whichmay well be the most serious problem facing our free enterprise economicsystem, few know of the many Americans who lost their homes, life savingsand jobs. Americans faced vast problems during the eleven years ofdepressions span. The paper primarily focuses on what life was like forfarmers during the time of the Depression. By the 1930s, thirteen millionworkers lost their jobs, which is 25 percent of all workers. The blacks andunskilled workers were always the first to be fired. Farmers had no money andwerent capable of paying their mortgages. Americans traveled throughout thecountry looking for a place to work to support themselves and their family. Farmers plight during the Great Depression and drought. When the rains failed tocome, the grass began to disappear. As the farmers watched their plants turnbrown and the dirt slowly turn to dust they began to fear what was to come. Inthe water-cut gullies the earth dusted down in dry little streams. We will write a custom essay on What Caused The Great Depression specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As the sharpsun struck day after day, the leaves of the young corn became less stiff anderect; then it was June and the sun shone more fiercely. The brown lines on thecorn leaves widened and moved in on the central ribs. The weeds frayed and edgedback toward their roots. The air was thin and the sky more pale; and every daythe earth paled. The farmers were terrified that the government feed loanswouldnt be available to keep the livestock from dying. In many cases, the RedCross was making allowances for feed to keep live livestock. The small farmersof fruit trees and vegetable plants depended on others who ran canneries tobottle and can their produce. The people they depended upon were the same peoplethat hired scientists to experiment on the fruits and vegetables to come up withbetter tasting and yielding produce. Thus the small farmers were dependent onthese same rich landowners for almost everything. They couldnt harvest theirproduce on their own so they sold it to the rich landowners and thus made verylittle money on their produce. The farmers found themselves in debt caused bythe purchase of land, tools, animals and other items bought on credit. The GreatDepression was the end result of World War I. It affected the rich and pooralike, factory workers and farmers, bankers and stockbrokers. In short, itaffected everyone; no one was left untouched. But of all the people hurt,farmers were the worst off. The Great Depression is known to be the worsteconomic disaster in U. S. history.

The KGB essays

The KGB essays During the Cold War not much was known about the activities of the Russian state security organization by western intelligence agencies. However after the collapse of the Soviet Union, documents that have been smuggled out by KGB agents (Wilson 1) have allowed agents to see just how much this agency knew and how far the Soviets managed to penetrate into western society. The question is where the KGB operations during the Cold War successful or not? Before the KGB, there was the Vecheka or Cheka, which was started on December 20, 1917 (Crozier 11). The Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin created the Cheka, so they would be able to combat counter revolutionary forces in Russia after the Bolsheviks took power. The man who was chosen to lead the organization was Felix Dzerzhinky, also known as Iron Felix, from Poland (11). Not long after the Cheka was founded, it sent a newspaper publisher, Aleksei Filippov, into Finland. Under cover as a journalist, he was sent on various intelligence assignments. This was the Soviets first attempt into international espionage (Andrew, Mitrokhin 24). After the end of the civil war, the Cheka was transferred to the control of the NKVD as the GPU (NKVD.org 1). During its time as the GPU, its mission was to infiltrate the groups of White Russians and Ukrainian nationals to try and destabilize them from within (Andrew and Mitrokhin 32). The GPU, after changing its name many times and switching from being independent or under NKVD control, was brought back under NKVD control as the GUGB after the German invasion (NKVD.org 2). When the Soviets started to push back the Germans, the GUGB regained its independence and became the NKGB. After World War II, Beria, a Politburo member and the ex-head of the MVD, united the NKVD and the NKGB into the MVD (2). After Beria was removed, the MVD was separated with the MVD keeping its original role and the new KGB taking control of state security (3). The i...

How to Use FamilySearch Historical Records

How to Use FamilySearch Historical Records Whether your ancestors came from Argentina, Scotland, the Czech Republic, or Montana, you can access a wealth of free historical records online at FamilySearch, the genealogy arm of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It has a wealth of indexes available through its free Historical Records Collection, which includes more than 5.57 billion searchable names in 2,300 collections from countries all over the world, including the United States, Canada, Mexico, England, Germany, France, Argentina, Brazil, Russia, Hungary, the Philippines, and many more. However, theres a lot more data available thats not searchable via a keyword, which is where the huge trove of historical document images come in.   Basic Search Strategies There are so many records online at FamilySearch now that a general search often turns up hundreds if not thousands of irrelevant results. You want to be able to target your searches to wade through less chaff. If youve already tried using the exact search checkboxes next to the fields; searched birth, death, and residence places; used wildcards in names that could be spelled different ways; or tried to narrow by relationship with another person, location, or type of record already, you still have other options that can make your search more fruitful. Search by Collection A general search almost always turns up too many possibilities unless the search contains someone with a very unusual name. For best results, start by choosing a country to find collections, via the location search, or by browsing by location down to a particular record collection (e.g., North Carolina Deaths, 1906–1930). When you have the collection open that you want, you can use the narrow by technique within each collection (e.g., use parent surnames only to find married female children in the N.C. Deaths collection).  The more possible places and connected names that you can try, the more meaningful your results will turn out to be.Take notes on the title and years of the collection youre searching, in relation to whom. If the collection is missing records from certain years, youll know what youve been able to check- and what you havent- because those missing records could come online or become searchable one day. Vary the Fields You Use   The records might not have everything in them that youve typed into the narrow by fields if youve used multiple boxes, so it might not come up  even if its there. Try the search multiple ways, varying what fields you try to refine by. Use different combinations of fields. Use Wildcards and Other Search Refinements   FamilySearch recognizes both the * wildcard (replaces one or more characters) and  the ? wildcard (replaces a single character). Wildcards can be placed anywhere within a field (even at the beginning or end of a name), and wildcard searches work both with and without the exact search checkboxes being used. You can use and, or, and not in your search fields as well as quotation marks to find exact phrases. Show a Preview   After your search has returned a list of results, click on the little upside-down triangle to the right of each search result to open a more detailed preview. This reduces your time spent, versus clicking back and forth between the results list and the result pages. Filter Your Results   If youre searching across multiple collections at one time, use the Category list in the left-hand navigation bar to narrow your results by category. This is useful for filtering out census records, for example, which often end up topping results lists. After youve narrowed to a particular category (Births, Marriages Deaths, for example), the left-hand navigation bar will list record collections within that category, with the number of results that match your search query next to each collection title. Browse as Well as Search   Many  collections at FamilySearch are only partially searchable at any given point in time (and many are not at all), but this information isnt always easy to determine from the collection list. Even if a particular collection is searchable, compare  the total number of searchable records listed in the  Collections List  with the total number of records available by selecting the record set and scroll down  to see the number of records listed under View Images in This Collection. In many  cases,  you will find many records available for browsing that arent yet included in the searchable index. Use the Wrong Documents   A childs birth record can find information about his or her parents. Or, being the more recent document about the person, a death certificate could also contain his or her birthdate, if the birth certificate (or vital record or civil registration) is elusive. Dont Forget Nicknames and Variants   If youre searching for Robert, dont forget to  try Bob. Or Margaret if you search for Peggy, Betsy for Elizabeth. Try both the maiden name and married name for women. Volunteering Hundreds of thousands of volunteers have generously donated their time to help to index the collections through FamilySearch Indexing. If youre interested in volunteering, the software is easy to download and use, and instructions are well thought out and generally self-explanatory. A little of your time can help get that genealogy record online for someone else who is searching for it.

Economic And Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic And Management - Essay Example Elasticity is an easy way of enumerating cause and effect correlations. It is described normally as a mathematical measure of the responsiveness of one economic variable (the dependant variable) following a change in another influencing variable (the independent variable), ceteris paribus. Now we shall understand what Price Elasticity of demand (PED) is, it is the measure of responsiveness of demand for a good following an alteration in its own price. If demand is elastic, then a little transform in price will consequence in a comparatively big change in amount demanded. However, if price increases by too much and quantity demanded descends vaguely, then demand would be price inelastic. (Hubbard and O'Brien, 2008) If co-efficient of PED = 0, it means that demand is perfectly inelastic. This means that any change in price whether increase or decrease does change the quantity demanded. Hence making its demand curve a vertical line in price(x axis) to quantity(y axis) space. If co-efficient of PED is between 0 and 1, when we get values of PED between 0 and 1 than we say PED to be inelastic this means that percentage change in demand is lesser than percentage change in price. Producers know that the change in demand will be proportionately smaller than the percentage change in price. ... Producers know that the change in demand will be proportionately smaller than the percentage change in price. Therefore Demand curve will be a very steep slanting line in price(x axis) to quantity(y axis) space. If co-efficient of PED = 1, when a percentage change in price changes the percentage of quantity demanded by the same proportion the PED is said to be unitary elastic. For example a 10% rise in the price of apples causes a 10% fall in its quantity demanded. If co-efficient of PED > 1, when the value of PED exceeds 1 then demand is said to be elastic, which means that a % change in price causes the quantity demanded to change by more than proportionate. For example a 10% rise in prices of apples cause its quantity demanded to drop by 15%. (Lipsey & Chrystal, 2007; Sloman, 2006) Factors Determining Price Elasticity of Demand: Now let us take a look at the key factors that determines the PED for goods and services. They are as follows: The range of near substitutes for a product / attractiveness of the good- the more the number of substitutes of a good the more elastic would be its demand because consumers can easily turn to other alternative good. For example coke's perfect substitute is Pepsi, and therefore if coke raises its price people will turn to Pepsi instead. And the more the product is unique the more inelastic would be its demand. (Tucker, 1999; Samuelson & Nordhaus, 2001) The fee of toggling amid different products - there may be noteworthy dealings expenses caught up in changing among dissimilar goods and services. For example, mobile phone service suppliers may incorporate penalty clauses in agreements or persevere on 12-month

What are the ultimate principles of morals for both Hume and Kant Essay

What are the ultimate principles of morals for both Hume and Kant - Essay Example He goes on to observe that only good will is good sans qualification. Good will is always good in itself and not just for the things that it produces. Will is good if will comes from duty, as well as other moral motives, which do not simply conform to duty. For instance, grocers who give the right change because of fairness, rather than from the fear of being caught, do so from good will. The reasoning goal is not in producing happiness but rather producing will that can be seen to be good in it. The satisfaction of man’s desires, which is happiness, is not determinate enough to use as a workable guide. Good will cannot act as the complete and sole good, although it is the worthy condition of being happy and the highest good. Complete good can only be goodwill combined with happiness. Rationality possesses its own laws of objectiveness. Because man is rational only partially, he experiences the various laws as constraints and imperatives that he is required to follow. These im peratives are grounded on the premise that is valid for all rational beings as such. These imperatives, according to Kant, could be hypothetical, i.e. if one wants to get to end E, then he should do A, or categorical, which is he ought to perform A. Ethics that are based on imperatives that are hypothetical are heteronymous because they involve following laws set by another. Categorical imperatives are hard to understand, although their content is clear. The basic imperative of category states that man acts on principle and these principles can be willed on everybody (Laursen 21). Ethics and morals are autonomous if they are based on categorical imperatives because man follows their own laws. Kant’s supreme moral principle is the universal law formula, which contends that man should act on a maxim that they follow to be used as a universal law (Laursen 23). Kant continues by applying his formula to two duties that are perfect and exception-less. These are not making promises with deceit and not committing suicide, as well as two imperfect duties, which to help those who have needs and development of one’s talents. These ideas can be expressed more loosely in two ways. Firstly, it is to treat all humanity, both you and others, not as a means only, but also as an end in itself (Laursen 23). Secondly, man should act as if one’s action maxim would be turned into nature’s universal law. Kant also connects freedom with morality. According to him, to be free means to follow one’s own principles of rationality rather than following our desires only. This means that one should follow their own legislation and act on maxims that they would follow, rather than the universal laws (Laursen 24). Therefore, freedom is morality. So morality and freedom, ultimately, are the same mystery. It is not possible to explain what free will is. It is only possible to assume what it is and reject all objections against it. Man knows that he/she is free through knowledge of his/her duties. Since probably an individual could have acted in a different way, then one is free. In order for man to recognize himself as free, he needs to see himself as being a member to two worlds. These worlds are a higher intelligible world and a sensible world. Acting in a moral way, therefore, has a supreme moral worth since through it, one participates in an existence of a higher order. This can be perceived as the foundation of human dignity as an end to itself (Laursen 24). Hume, on the other hand, contends that reason and moral sense combine to make our moral judgments. He says that moral sense is essential in making a distinction between virtue and vice,

Analysis of a Job Advert and My Employability Skills Essay Example for Free

Analysis of a Job Advert and My Employability Skills Essay Describe the qualifications required: GCSE A*-C standard English and Maths, this is essential because you need to be able to simple adding and English is a necessity because you need to be able to read and speak fluent English. To have a National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) Level 1 or 2 in customer service you can also have a food safety certificate. Describe the level of experience in a similar role required: To have a previous experience at least 1 year or 2 year in a quality restaurant or bar. Describe the level of experience in the industry required: N/A Describe the knowledge of goods and services required: To have good knowledge about the Restaurant and other department’s hotels. Describe the level of effectiveness in meeting personal and team targets required: Ensure that you have a high level of effectiveness in meeting personal and targets so that you are happy for the job and show appreciation to the job. Describe the level of ability to observe and raise professional standards required: The level of ability should be high because you will need to be able to show individual courtesy to customers for example if there is a bad product on the shelf you tell them immediately and they will get you a better product. Personal Skills Organisation Name: Frontline Role: Food and Beverage Assistant Describe the amount if patience required: Good interpersonal and customer facing skills, maintain professionalism, display patience and politeness within a busy environment are some of the skills required. Describe the level of hard work required: Candidates must be reliable, flexible and have a ‘can do’ attitude. You must have good attention to detail, ability to work within a close team and also work with minimal supervision. Describe the level of ability to work as part of a team: Candidates must show the ability to have an excellent work ethic and be part of a team as required. Describe the level of good interpersonal skills required: Interpersonal skills are essential when socialising with colleagues and friends. Interpersonal skills include everything from communication and listening skills to attitude and deportment. Describe the level of cooperation with line managers and colleagues required: Line managers play a vital role in businesses as their duties are to ensure that activities are planned and organised in their area that involve a significant risk to the health and safety of staff. Candidates must cooperate effectively to line managers at all times. Describe the level of negotiation in seeking agreement with customers required: Negotiation is essential with customers as potential candidates must be able to negotiate with customers effectively and try to provide the best prices as possible to the customer. Describe the attributes you already possess or expect to posess by the end of course: 1. I will develop the habit of meeting deadlines. 2. I will develop my planning skills in order to prioritise myself for my coursework deadlines. 3. I will try to participate in all team/group activities. 4. I will ensure to communicate effectively with my team mates 5. I will try to practice my presentational skills effectively. 6. I will try to develop my patience. 7. I will try to organise myself by bringing the right equipment to lessons. 8. I will time manage my work and try to ensure to hand all coursework in on time. 9. I will ensure to use my essay skills effectively 10. I will ensure problem solving skills are used to the best ability.

Essay --

I will attempt to outline below the key issues whether or not a multinational company is able to maximise its competitive advantage by controlling its own supply chain. Introduction There are many multinational companies which operate on such a high level worldwide such as Walmart, a multinational company is basically a corporation that is known to be registered in more than one country or that functions in different operations within a couple of countries. Multinational companies may consist of function between both procedures of selling goods or providing a service within different countries or continents. â€Å"Multinational companies, many of them extremely big, are today the most powerful agents of innovation† (Mattes, J. 2010) Production patterns have been known to drastically change significantly within the current economic globalisation. Many large multinational companies are known to compete against each other in there markets due to the increasing development of globalisation in the economy of countries. Many characteristics are mainly formed the implementation of supply chain management. A supply chain is basically the network which has been created amongst different companies producing, distributing or handling a specific product. In detail the supply chain takes upon the steps to get goods or services from the supplier to the customer. It is very important that supply chain management is composed correctly for multinational companies; most companies will strive to have an enhanced supply chain as it will normally tend to translate efficiently in lowering the costs for a company. â€Å"It is now apparent that the supply chain is the main artery of all businesses† (Poirier, C. C. 1999) Poirier stated how important the supply ch... ...bility and eliminated all the uncontrolled factors of staff shortage. When Walmart deliver its inventory it is known as customers by the distribution centres, cross docking is something what Walmart use very cleverly as this technique allows to reduce costs of handling operations and cutting down any storage of an inventory. â€Å"Walmart’s supply chain management has over 40 distribution centres† (Batten, L. 2008). Techniques implied by Walmart allowed them to take orders placed by stores and promoting them to ties they may already have with manufacturers, which would then give the chance for manufacturers to agree to their services they have proposed of refuse as there may be a non-availability of the goods at a certain time period. The result of this cross ducking allowed eradicating the warehousing process, and operates on demand chain rather than the supply chain Essay -- I will attempt to outline below the key issues whether or not a multinational company is able to maximise its competitive advantage by controlling its own supply chain. Introduction There are many multinational companies which operate on such a high level worldwide such as Walmart, a multinational company is basically a corporation that is known to be registered in more than one country or that functions in different operations within a couple of countries. Multinational companies may consist of function between both procedures of selling goods or providing a service within different countries or continents. â€Å"Multinational companies, many of them extremely big, are today the most powerful agents of innovation† (Mattes, J. 2010) Production patterns have been known to drastically change significantly within the current economic globalisation. Many large multinational companies are known to compete against each other in there markets due to the increasing development of globalisation in the economy of countries. Many characteristics are mainly formed the implementation of supply chain management. A supply chain is basically the network which has been created amongst different companies producing, distributing or handling a specific product. In detail the supply chain takes upon the steps to get goods or services from the supplier to the customer. It is very important that supply chain management is composed correctly for multinational companies; most companies will strive to have an enhanced supply chain as it will normally tend to translate efficiently in lowering the costs for a company. â€Å"It is now apparent that the supply chain is the main artery of all businesses† (Poirier, C. C. 1999) Poirier stated how important the supply ch... ...bility and eliminated all the uncontrolled factors of staff shortage. When Walmart deliver its inventory it is known as customers by the distribution centres, cross docking is something what Walmart use very cleverly as this technique allows to reduce costs of handling operations and cutting down any storage of an inventory. â€Å"Walmart’s supply chain management has over 40 distribution centres† (Batten, L. 2008). Techniques implied by Walmart allowed them to take orders placed by stores and promoting them to ties they may already have with manufacturers, which would then give the chance for manufacturers to agree to their services they have proposed of refuse as there may be a non-availability of the goods at a certain time period. The result of this cross ducking allowed eradicating the warehousing process, and operates on demand chain rather than the supply chain

Discuss Inclusive Practice for Children Essay

According to The National Autistic Society (2011 and 2012), autism can be defined as a lifelong developmental disability which affects the way a person is able to interact with others around them and make sense of the world they live in. However, there are variations of Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and children who have ASD will be affected in different ways (Dover et al, 2007). This essay will be discussing the inclusive education within the primary school setting, exploring the different strategies that are in place in order to support children with ASD, together with the effectiveness and possible improvement which impacts on the learning experience of children with ASD. The number of people affected with an ASD in the UK today is still rising (NHS, 2012). The National Autistic Society (NAS) (2012), states that over 500,000 people have been diagnosed with an ASD. The condition occurs in families regardless of their ethnic and social backgrounds (Dodd, 2005:13) and the condition can affect people in various ways with the severity of the disorder also varying. Therefore Autism is referred to as a ‘spectrum disorder’, additionally Dover et al,(2007) and Siegal (2008) speculate that the reason behind using the term ‘spectrum’ is due to children presenting different symptoms at different stages of their development that links to the 12 diagnostic criteria, which was stated by Siegal (2008). As the diversity amongst people who are affected by ASD vary significantly, due to the different symptoms they are displaying as well as the background the children are from. Consequently these variations can cause difficulties in diagnosing t he condition (Doyle et al, 2009). A key factor regarding ASD and the challenges they may face, relate to communication and socialization, additionally related challenging and disruptive behaviour. Children suffering from ASD show behaviour that is considered to be socially unacceptable, however when viewed rationally, this behaviour may simply be defined as ‘different’ (Sadri and Flammia, 2011). There appear to be numerous behavioural models that indicate a child may have ASD, example of some of the models are: externalizing behaviour, problem behaviour, maladaptive behaviour, symptoms of behavioural and emotional disorder (Hill and Furniss, 2006). There are also other suggestive symptoms, such as: the constant flicking of fingers, flapping of arms, rocking, nudity, bedwetting and or irregular sleeping patterns which are deemed as inappropriate, defining ASD to a degree (Groark and Eidelman, 2011). Problems usually appear to arise when the individual becomes increasingly aggressive, amongst the issues are, tantrums, self harming or irrational disassociation (Research Autism, 2011). Whilst some situations involving co-ordination or fine-motor skills may prove to be challenging for a child who has ASD, some children shows signs of high IQ and appear to be gifted in certain areas such as Mathematics, art and Music (NAS, 2012) Although there have been some suggestions that a form of predisposed chromosomes could have an effect on ASD, there is not enough evidence that this is the cause. Therefore, currently it is assumed (NAS, 2012), that ASD cannot be identified before or at birth. This argument is based on the diagnostic criteria of Wing and Gould (1979) ‘triad of impairments’ which looks at social interaction, imagination and communication difficulties the child may display (NAS, 2011). However, Mowder et al (2009) suggest that early identification of ASD would be advantageous as this could lead to early intervention, which can result in better academic achievement, whilst reducing the risk of additional behavioural difficulties (Zwaigenbaum et al. 2005). Some studies which Bailey et al (1995) and Levy et al. (2002), refer to, assumes that there may be strong genetic links with regards to possible causes of ASD. On the contrary to Bailey and Levy et al., Yapko (2003) suggests that ASD could be the result of environmental factors such as some medication (antibiotics), reactions to infections or vaccinations. However, these claims are not concrete and are still being researched (Yapko, 2003). Moreover, it is clear that, there is a wide spectrum of ASD, with this came the need for wide spectrum of educational requirements that needs to be met. Therefore educational provision, including mainstream schools, special schools, specialist units attached to mainstream schools and residential provision are essential for the child’s well being and educational needs (NAS, 2012). Historically children with ASDs were educated separately from their more able peers (Ferrall, 2010). Traditionally special education (SE) curriculum was put in place in order to enable children with disabilities and learning difficulties to adapt, and function accordingly within ‘normal’ society (Low Deiner, 2009). With the introduction of the Warnock Report in 1978, special education began to reform with the child’s education needs focussed on, rather than their disability (Wall, 2006). The report wanted to abolish the idea of handicap, as they began to recognise that labelling children negatively would be detrimental to the child and their future (Aarons, 2001). The principles laid down in the report have influenced legislation such as The Education Act 1981, the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001. These have played a role in shaping contemporary inclusive practice (Batten et al. 2006), as the Education Act 1981 introduced statements of the disabled. Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 1995 and later, Special Education Needs and Disability Act (SENDA) 2001, placed a legal obligation in schools to make ‘reasonable adjustments’ in order to ensure that disabled children are not disadvantaged (Batten et al, 2006) It appears that disability can be shaped and accommodated in various ways. As Oliver and Barnes (1998), points out, although ASD has been accepted to be a medical condition which can be diagnosed, the hostility, discrimination and the lack of understanding of the condition from the society’s perspective, are still apparent and can have a detrimental effect on the child’s well being. The social aspect of ASD can make it difficult for the inclusion to fully take part within the primary school setting (NAS, 2012), as focusing on the ‘deficit’ of the child rather than the potential can undermine the successful inclusive admission to the school whilst causing further discomfort to the child (Maclachlen and Schwartz 2009). Children with ASD are entitled to extra support in schools, in order to enable the child to cope with the environment which they are in together with receiving help, to reach the personal academic target (NAS, 2012). The term ‘Inclusion’ must not be confused with the terms ‘Integration’ and ‘mainstreaming’, as these terms describe a child being placed in an mainstream setting and is expected to adapt to their surroundings, and cope with the curriculum expectations. Whereas ‘inclusion’ involves the educational provisions being adapted to the individual child’s needs (NAS, 2012). NAS also believes that special schools must exist in order to accommodate children with more complex needs. However, it also appears to be essential that the ‘special schools’ work in partnership with the mainstream schools. Moreover, it is also argued by NAS (2012), that the government must not use inclusion as a rationale for cutting specialist provision. Previously, people with disabilities have undergone more discrimination and maltreatment than any other minority group (Brown, 2002). They have been subject to isolation, institutionalisation due to observation and other experimental examinations, as they have been perceived as being ‘different’, thus their needs as individuals were neglected (Barnes and Merce, 2010) The point here is that, the needs of individuals, regardless of their disability or ability must be taken into consideration, in order for the inclusive practice to work towards achieving its full potential of helping children integrate into the community they are part of whilst achieving their own individual academic targets (Avradamis et al. 2000). Due to the additional discomfort the discrimination caused to the children and their families with disabilities, some people choose to reject the labelling of being ‘disabled’ (Barnes, 2003), as this posed the danger of causing further distress to t he child (Giddin and Griffiths, 2006). Whilst many families accept that their child has impairments, it appears that the term ‘disabled’ is not easily accepted. It appears that in our society individuals with ‘impairments’ are often labelled as ‘abnormal’ or ‘disabled’ (Carson, 2009). Due to this common association, many people with ASD reject being diagnosed in fear of being labelled (Barnes, 2003). As a result, many parents/carers of children who are in the Autistic Spectrum, struggle to accept diagnosis for their child as the aspect of what the labelling may entail is overwhelming (Ariel and Naseef, 2006). Children in the main stream settings with ASD, often suffer with speech impairments (Brereton and Tonge, 2005), in addition to this, the comprehension of the spoken language and paralinguistic signals such as gestures and facial expressions may also pose potential problems for the child (Siegal, 2003). Rotatori et al. (2008), states that, implications on the childâ €™s socializing and personal interaction can often lead to behavioural problems. Developmental delays which occur due to these challenges in the learning environment may compound the condition (Seach, 2005). Various teaching strategies exist, in order to enable children of all abilities to have access to the curriculum more effectively (Kelly, 1999). According to Ginnis (2002) one of the most common and effective ways to teach children with ASD is a visual timetable, as this allows the child to become familiar with the times and activities via the simple diagrams provided for this purpose. Critically, this can guide effected children throughout their day at school, helping decrease anxiety levels by delivering basic and regular sequence (Pierangelo and Gulluliani, 2008). TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children), also uses visual support, written lists and calendars in order to help children with sequencing and prediction (NAS, 2012). Another teaching strategy involving pictures is the picture communications exchange system (PCES), this finds great use in children with limited language abilities by substitution of words and symbols for ob jects and activities. Gradually the child will build up a regular repertoire, which is beneficial for the child’s independence and own organizational qualities (Wilkinson, 2010). Successful inclusion warrants a system which extends beyond the classroom (Pittmann, 2007). This will only be possible if similar strategies are applied in leisure times as well as the classroom (NAS, 2012), some schools in response to this implemented a ‘circle of friends’ strategy. The idea behind this is for the volunteers to help children to express their feelings freely, progress socially and develop strategies to cope with high anxiety levels (NAS, 2012). Dixon and Addy (2004) argue that, teachers are now expected to embrace inclusion, whilst having actually received little or no training themselves. The inclusion of ASD’s, within the main stream schools appear to be unusually complex. As the child’s cognitive understanding often mismatches the significant language and behavioural deficits (De Boer, 2009), it is paramount that teaching staff recognizes the child’s strengths as well as their weaknesses, to effectively further the child’s development (Seach et al. 2002). Furthermore, it appears that inclusion has been most successful when a partnership between parent/carer and schools exists before the child’s first admission to school, thus bridging the gap between home environment and the school environment (De Boer, 2009). Teaching ASD’s requires adequate resource provisions; funding, time, staffing, and teaching materials are amongst the resources needed. According to Bernard et al. (2002), 45% of the schools who identified accommodating children with ASD, voiced their concern regarding lack of specialist reports received, which in return would limit the help given to the children. Remaining 55% reported inadequate diagnosis and prognosis of children with ASD this appears to lead back to the issue of ‘labelling’. Enthusiasm in a child’s own development is particularly important for the children suffering from ASD, interest levels, positive interaction and effective inclusion needs to be maintained (Howlin and Moore, 1997). As stated by Spergon in (Siegmann, 2007), for an inclusive setting to function and to achieve the desired effect, it must show a positive impact on the child’s learning. The positive influence must be in place regardless of the individual child’s ability, and developmental stage. Spergon also adds that children must be encouraged to aspire to the same education goals with independence, and enjoyment, no matter what their abilities or disabilities are (House of Commons, 2006). However, there is still a grave risk of inclusive schooling in that Autistic children are made very much aware of their differences to non-autistic children, causing the child’s stress levels to increase, resulting in self-stimulatory autistic habits (Seinsbury, 2009). Such habits together with sensory overload, appears to be a major hurdle for children with ASD in the school environment (Increased noise level, lighting, and smells) affecting their learning, and increasing social stigmatization. A large, noisy and disruptive classroom will limit any child’s capacity to learn and understand, more so a child who has ASD (Seach, 2002). Behavioural difficulties such as, shouting, lashing out, or screaming are often the secondary results of these kind of environments for ASD’s (Autismhelp, 2012). The NAS launched the ‘make school make sense’ campaign in 2006, this involved 33 discussion guidelines and corresponding feedback statistics from the families and children with ASD. The overwhelming results show that children interviewed found school a confusing and difficult place, with many finding it difficult to ‘fit in’ and making friends (Reid and Batten, 2006). In this study children who were happiest with their education, had high functioning Autism, which enabled the child to have better developed speech, thus were more able to ‘fit in’ and make friends. However Reid and Batten (2006) have also included that many of the children who were happy in their educational settings were observed to have been either in a special school that catered for their needs or in a dual setting. The 1978 Warnock report, promoted the integration of the disabled children in to the mainstream schools, together with the introduction of the National Curriculum and the Education Reform Act 1988, thus enabling the disabled children to be educated and to integrate with their non-disabled peers (Oliver, 1996). However, Baroness Warnock did articulate that, whilst it was every child’s right to have access to education and all children should be entitled to have the same start in life, she also stated the dissatisfaction she felt in mixing all abilities together as there was the belief that inclusive education for severely Autistic children could be problematic due to the characteristics and disruptive behaviour ASD children may be prone to display (Mckie, 2005). Moreover, Inclusion stood in stark contrast to the medical model approach (Barton, 2005), which used such terms as ‘fragile children’, ‘suffering from learning difficulties’, and the liberal us e of ‘ASD’. In conclusion, it seems that various regulations and policies have been introduced to the local authorities in order to enable the education sector (Primary school setting for the purpose of this paper), to address the needs of individual children with disabilities via inclusive education. However as it has been noted earlier on in the paper, it is of significant importance for the teaching staff to be adequately trained in understanding the child’s condition, such as ASD, as well as staff who are trained in how to enable inclusive education to take place in every classroom. As these developments will play a crucial role in the child’s academic and personal development. Referencing Aarons, M., and Gittens, T. (2001). Autism: a Guied for Parents and Professionals. NY: Routledge. Ariel, C., and Naseef, R. (2006). Voices from the Spectrum: parents, grandparents, siblings, people with autism and professionals who share their wisdom. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Autism Help. (2008-2012). Behaviour: Agression, Frustration and Temper Tantrums. Retrieved from www.autismhelp.info: http://www.autismhelp.info/primary/behaviour/categories,id,438,1-1.aspx Avramadis, E., Bayliss, P., and Burden, R. (2010). A Survey into Mainstream Teacher’s Attitudes Towards the Inclusion of Children with Special Educational Needs in the Ordinary School in one Local Education Authority. Educational Psychology , 191-211. Barnes, C. (2003). What a Difference a Decade Makes: reflections on doing ’emancipatory’ disability research. Disability & Society , 3-17. Barnes, C., and Mercer, G. (2010). Exploring Disability. Cambridge: Polity Press. Barton, L. (2005). Special Educational Needs: an alternative look (A response to Warnock M. 2005: Special/Educational Need. London: University of London. Batten, A., Corbett, C., Rosenblatt, M., Withers, L., and Yuille, R. (2006). Make School Make Sense – Autism and Education – the reality for families today. London: The National Autistic Society. Bernard-Opitz, and V. Hauber, A. (2011). Visual Support for Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders. USA: AAPC Publishing. Brereton, A. T. (2005). Pre- Schoolers with Autism an Educating and Skills Training Programme for Parents: Manual for Clinicians. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Brown, H. (2002). Safeguarding Adults and Children with Disabilities Against Abuse. Strasbourg, Cedex: Council of Europe Publishing . Carson, G. (2009). The Social Model of Disability. Scotland: The Stationary Office. De Boer, S. (2009). Successful Inclusion for Students with Autism: Creating a Complete, Effective ASD Inclusion Program. San Francisco: Wiley. Dixon, G. a. (2004). 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Administration and Politics Dichotomy Essay

Wilson’s dispute for the dichotomy could of well have developed as of planned thoughts too. At a period while numerous people assumed that politics equated dishonesty, those who sought a more skillfully founded government thought that protection from politics was a significant plan for attaining that goal. Wilson was one of the chief advocates of the politics-administration contrast which has been much hated by future public administration intellectuals, but which has often been misinterpreted. As we read on throughout this paper we will be analyzing how the separation between politics and administration is a workable structure in our society. Politics controls the objectives and strategies of government, and administration executes those objectives and strategies. Additional, the administrator is to be unbiased governmentally. In its most strict version neutrality applies to politics whether it is defined as partisan politics or formulating policy. But at a least, impartiality relates to biased objectivity. Administration and politics dichotomy pressures protection from politics by speculating that chosen representatives cannot affect with the administration or application of procedure. Administrators trust on their procedural capability to improve the best way to direct the procedure and objectives set by designated representatives, and they must be protected from partisan burdens as they workout decision founded on specialized capability to move out strategies set by the leading panel or administration. Administrative inquiries are not partisan questions. Although government assembles the responsibilities for administration, it should not be writhed to influence its agencies. Those who discharge the idea as outdated take it as an experimental statement about how government works in practice. They perceive that in fact, numerous high level civil servants possess a significant influence on procedure, and therefore let go the dichotomy. The actual significance of the politics-administration dichotomy, nevertheless, has to do with its relating to the idea creates repercussions. That is, the opinion understood by the dichotomy is that designated administrators and their straight appointees have the lawful right to create policy choices for the society, and it is the responsibility of career civil servants to transmit those rules in upright confidence. Therefore it is the ethical responsibility of the dichotomy that is imperative, not it’s observed content. I found Wilson’s politics-administration dichotomy to be very enlightening and understanding. I feel he marks a number of stimulating associations connecting to the dissemination of power and the ideal of a separation amongst legislation and execution. I think that in a perfect world where the ethics of folks in the administrative positions were continuously proper, his propositions might show evidence of working. Nevertheless, I cannot donate to to the train of belief that legislation and administration can be entirely or even regularly detached. All people, and henceforward whichever government society encompassed of them, are never deprived of partisan and environmental effect. While it may be the occupation of bureaucrats to action inside the spirit of the incorporating legislation, I consider it unbearable to impartially ratify plan free of individual and outward burdens. So in closing I have analyzed how the separation between politics and administration is a workable structure in our society. My mind wonders and my organizational skills are at best lacking. Listening is just more than hearing something. I hope I have at least demonstrated that. In conclusion, the subjects discussed above are convincing proof that Woodrow Wilson’s politics and administration dichotomy could be a good idea, if I my say so myself.

the wicked shall inherit the e essays

the wicked shall inherit the e essays In the movie Pennies from Heaven there are many characters that lead unscrupulous lives. These characters seem as if they are unable to separate the real world from the song-like dream world in their heads. This alternate reality seems to enable them to behave terribly, and then think nothing of it. In fact, this movie seems to portray that the worse a person is, the better everything turns out for them. The main character in this movie is a man by the name of Arthur Parker. Arthur is the perfect example of this; he is a very selfish character. He demonstrates how selfish he is right from the start of the movie. In the beginning he lies to Joan in order to take her inheritance. Arthur wants to buy a store and start a business selling records. He tells Joan that he went to the bank and the manager said, Borrow what you like. A fellow like you is no risk, no risk at all. Joan questions him by asking. Is that true Arthur? He then makes her feel bad for not giving him the money by saying, I said I dont want it. My wifes got some cash and shell support me. Since Joan questioned Arthurs honesty, it is obvious that he has deceived her in the past. As a matter of fact she was right to question him, because he was lying to her. He didnt go to the bank until after their discussion, and when he did go he was turned down. Another time Arthur acted deceitfully was when he pretended to be sweet and innocent regarding Eileen Everson. When he first met her he was in a music store, after she left the owner made the comment, You know what she needs dont ya? Arthur pretended to be upset at this when he replied, Dont talk about a lady like that. On another occasion Arthur was in a bar with a few companions and let on that he met a girl. They ask him a few questions regarding whether or not he had sex with her. Their questioni...

World War II Timeline From 1939 to 1945

World War II Timeline From 1939 to 1945 World War II (WWII) was a long and bloody war that lasted about six years. Officially beginning on September 1, 1939, when Germany invaded Poland, World War II lasted until both the Germans and the Japanese had surrendered to the Allies in 1945. Here is a timeline of major events during the war. 1939 Sept. 1 may be the official start of World War II, but it didnt start in a vacuum. Europe and Asia had been tense for years prior to 1939 because of the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Third Reich in Germany, the Spanish Civil War, the Japanese invasion of China, the German annexation of Austria, and the imprisonment of thousands of Jews in concentration camps. After Germanys occupation of areas of Czechoslovakia not previously agreed to in the Munich Pact and its invasion of Poland, the rest of Europe realized it couldnt try to appease Germany any longer. The United States tried to remain neutral, and the Soviet Union invaded Finland. August 23: Germany and the Soviet Union sign the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact.September 1: Germany invades Poland, starting World War II.September 3: Britain and France declare war on Germany.September: Battle of the Atlantic begins. London after an air raid during the London Blitz, 15th October 1940. Central Press/Getty Images​ 1940 The first full year of the war saw Germany invading its European neighbors: Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, and Romania, and the bombing of Britain lasted for months. The Royal Air Force undertook nighttime raids in Germany in response. Germany, Italy, and Japan signed a joint military and economic agreement, and Italy invaded Egypt, which was controlled by the British, Albania, and Greece. The United States shifted to a stance of nonbelligerancy rather than neutrality so it could find ways to help the Allies, and the Lend-Lease Act (the exchange of materiel aid then for 99-year leases on property to be used for foreign military bases) was proposed late in the year. Popular opinion still didnt want Americans in another war over there. The Soviet Union, meanwhile, took part of Romania and installed Communists in the Baltic States, later annexing them. May: Auschwitz is established.May 10: Germany invades France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.May 26: Evacuation begins of Allied troops from Dunkirk, France.June 10: Italy declares war on France and Great Britain.June 22: France surrenders to Germany.July 10: Battle of Britain begins.September 16: The United States begins its first peacetime draft. German soldiers with Russian prisoners, Russia, 1941.   Print Collector/Getty Images 1941 The year 1941 was one of escalation  around the world. Italy may have been defeated in Greece, but that didnt mean that Germany wouldnt take the country. Then it was on to Yugoslavia and Russia. Germany broke its pact with the Soviet Union and invaded there, but the winter and Soviet counterattack killed many German troops. The Soviets next joined the Allies. Within a week of the Pearl Harbor attack, Japan had invaded Burma, Hong Kong (then under British control), and the Philippines, and the United States was officially in the conflict. March 11: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease bill.May 24: The British ship Hood is sunk by Germanys Bismarck.May 27: The Bismarck is sunk.June 22: Germany invades the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa).August 9: Atlantic Conference begins.September 8: Siege of Leningrad begins.December 7: The Japanese launch a sneak attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.December 11: Germany and Italy declare war on the United States; then the United States declares war on Germany and Italy. Aircraft Carrier Yorktown Being Hit by Japanese Bomber during Battle of Midway. Bettman/Getty Images   1942 U.S. troops first arrived in Britain in January 1942. Also that year, Japan captured Singapore, which was Britains last location in the Pacific, as well as islands such as Borneo and Sumatra. By the middle of the year, though, the Allies started gaining ground, with the Battle of Midway being the turning point there. Germany captured Libya, but the Allies started making gains in Africa, and Soviet counterattacks made progress as well in Stalingrad. January 20: The Wannsee ConferenceFebruary 19: Roosevelt issues Executive Order 9066, which allows the internment of Japanese Americans.April 18: The Doolittle Raid on JapanJune 3: The Battle of Midway begins.July 1: First Battle of El Alamein begins.July 6: Anne Frank and her family go into hiding.August 2: Guadalcanal Campaign begins.August 21: Battle of Stalingrad begins.October 23: Second Battle of El Alamein begins.November 8: The Allies invade North Africa (Operation Torch). German POWs in Stalingrad in 1943. Historical/Getty Images   1943 Stalingrad turned into Germanys first major defeat in 1943, and the North Africa stalemate ended, with the surrender of the Axis powers to the Allies in Tunisia. The tide was finally turning, though not fast enough for the people in the 27 merchant vessels sunk by Germany in the Atlantic in four days in March. But Bletchley codebreakers and long-range aircraft inflicted a serious toll on the U-boats, pretty much ending the Battle of the Atlantic. The autumn of the year saw the fall of Italy to Allied forces, prompting Germany to invade there. The Germans successfully rescued Mussolini, and battles in Italy between forces in the north and south drug on. In the Pacific, Allied forces gained territory in New Guinea- to attempt to protect Australia from Japanese invasion- as well as Guadalcanal. The Soviets continued expelling Germans from their territory, and the Battle of Kursk was key. The end of the year saw Winston Churchill and Josef Stalin meeting in Iran to discuss the invasion o f France. January 14: Casablanca Conference begins.February 2: The Germans surrender at Stalingrad, Soviet Union.April 19: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins.July 5: Battle of Kursk begins.July 25: Mussolini resigns.September 3: Italy surrenders.November 28: Tehran Conference begins. 1944 American troops played a big role in battles to take back France in 1944, including landings on Normandy beaches that caught the Germans by surprise. Italy was finally liberated as well, and the Soviets counterattack pushed the German soldiers back to Warsaw, Poland. Germany lost 100,000 soldiers (captured) during the battle in Minsk. The Battle of the Bulge, however, postponed the Allies marching into Germany for a while. In the Pacific, Japan gained more territory in China, but its success was limited by the Communist troops there. The Allies fought back by taking Saipan and invading the Philippines. January 27: After 900 days, the Siege of Leningrad is finally over.June 6: D-DayJune 19: Battle of the Philippine SeaJuly 20: Assassination attempt against Hitler fails.August 4: Anne Frank and her family are discovered and arrested.August 25: The Allies liberate Paris.October 23: Battle of Leyte Gulf begins.December 16: Battle of the Bulge begins. ors Survivors of Auschwitz leaving the camp at the end of World War II, Poland, February 1945. Galerie Bilderwelt/Getty Images 1945 Liberation of concentration camps, such as Auschwitz, made the extent of the Holocaust clearer to the Allies. Bombs still fell on London and Germany in 1945, but before April was over, two of the Axis leaders would be dead and Germanys surrender would soon follow. Franklin D. Roosevelt also died in April but of natural causes. The war in the Pacific continued, but the Allies made significant progress there through battles at Iwo Jima, the Philippines, and Okinawa, and Japan started to retreat from China. By mid-August, it was all over. Japan surrendered shortly after the second atomic bomb was unleashed on the island nation and Sept. 2, the surrender was formally signed and accepted, officially ending the conflict. Estimates put 50 million dead around the world, including 20 million Russian civilians, and 6 million Jews, one-third of their worldwide population. February 4: Yalta Conference begins.February 13: Allies begin bombing Dresden.February 19: Battle of Iwo Jima begins.April 1: Battle of Okinawa.April 12: Franklin D. Roosevelt dies.April 16: Battle of Berlin begins.April 28: Mussolini is hanged by Italian partisans.April 30: Adolf Hitler commits suicide.May 7: Germany signs an unconditional surrender.July 17: Potsdam Conference begins.August 6: The United States drops the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan.August 9: The United States drops a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan.

'An investigation in to why consumers may choose to buy a BMW as Essay

'An investigation in to why consumers may choose to buy a BMW as oppose to another brand of car' this could involve examinin - Essay Example An insight into the BMW brand BMW brand seeks to convey the message to consumers that BMW means â€Å"the ultimate driving machine,† and influence the behavior of the consumers. BMW has been successful in creating awareness and ‘esteem value’ of its cars and strengthened its position in the market over the period of time. BMW is synonymous with luxury car and treated as status symbol by the consumers. The brand equity has been built by branding efforts highlighting quality and excellence in performance of its products on a continuous basis. An overview of consumer behavior and the buyer decision making process This section will study and analyze the consumer behavior and its importance in marketing and give an overview of the buyer decision making process in relation to BMW cars. Cars are usually not purchased very often and cost a large amount of money – making them high investment purchases. Problem Recognition The consumer needs a car to travel socially and/or for work purposes/commuting; the need for a car is most likely an active problem (i.e. the consumer is aware that he/she needs a car) Information Search Potential customer researches different makes and models of cars and may look in to indirect competition such as public transport or bicycles. Evaluation of Alternatives The consumer will narrow the choices down until he/she come to a decision; the consumer will normally narrow down from makes that they are aware of, then ones that they would consider buying, then down to a small choice until they come to a decision. Purchase Decision The consumer will take in to account what their family and friends think of the car that he/she has decided to buy – consumers will also asses the risks involved with the purchase such as the financial and social risks. Post Purchase evaluation After purchasing, customers will continue to evaluate the car, this stage is vital to ensure future sales and promote brand loyalty for BMW. Effec tive after sales service plays an important role in enhancing the customer satisfaction. Symbolic Consumption Purchases carry symbolic meanings and can satisfy individual, social, or cultural needs. Driving a car that is perceived to be sporty, luxurious and exclusive can promote individualism and self esteem. Self-concept attached to the product helps to establish the user’s identity. In order for conspicuous consumption to be rewarded and thus maintained in society, individuals must attach symbolic meaning to products that infer something about their owner. This tendency to attach meaning to products is referred to as symbolic consumption. (Belk, Bahn and Mayer 1982; Belk, Mayer and Driscoll 1983). Symbolic consumption involves the owner as an encoder trying to communicate something about themselves through purchasing a product and a decoder who understands the symbolic message; for example: consumers may purchase an expensive car such as a 7-series BMW to show that they ar e well-off; although demographics such as age, gender and social class effect individuals' ability to form impressions about owners of cars. Research shows that children's ability to make inferences about others based on product ownership